@article { 2131,
	title = {Dividends from Investing in Ocean Observations:  A European Perspective},
	year = {2000},
	abstract = {An  ocean  observing  system  to  provide  the  data  for  climate
research,  modelling,  and  forecasting  must  be  designed  to  high  standards  of accuracy  and  continuity.    The  observations  are  maintained  for  many  years  to develop the criteria for climate forecasting, and hence, in the meantime many of the  data  can  and  should  be  used  for  short  and  medium  term  purposes.    When
combined  with  other  observations,  usually  of  a  local  or  regional  nature,  the combined  data  set  provides  the  full  suite  of    marine  and  coastal  observations needed to serve a wide range of socio-economic and environmental  objectives.
The  diagnostic  and  forecasting  models  on  different  scales  are  interfaced  or nested  to  produce  different  analyses  and  products.  The  short  and  medium  term systems provide an economic and social return which helps to cover the cost of the long term system.  Although there are insufficient economic data to conduct a strictly controlled cost-benefit analysis at present, the effect of this strategy is, in economic terms, to ensure that the net discounted  value  of  benefits  minus  costs
never goes too heavily into deficit, and it may even be possible to maximise short and  medium  term  returns  so  as  to  justify  the  whole  system.    In  practice, expenditure and incomes for the  various parts of the  system to not occur in the same  places,  or  agencies,  and  so  a  national  or  regional  view  is  required,  to maximise the net benefits in terms of public good.},
	URL = {http://ioc.unesco.org/goos/Fleming_paper.pdf  accessed Sep 2009.},
	author = {Nicholas C FLEMMING}
}